{"id":12700,"date":"2020-09-29T18:34:48","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T16:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoedu.info\/auto-electric\/alternator\/kontrola-i-zamena-cetkica\/"},"modified":"2024-03-13T20:42:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T19:42:32","slug":"checking-and-replacing-alternator-brushes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/autoedu.info\/en\/auto-electric\/alternator\/checking-and-replacing-alternator-brushes\/","title":{"rendered":"Checking and replacing alternator brushes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2,\r\n                .tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_2,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_2:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_2:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_4  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span8\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Checking and replacing alternator brushes<\/strong><\/h1>\r\nChecking and replacing the brushes is a regular process after dismantling the alternator or voltage regulator and when there are problems in the charging system. Brushes through the sliding rings and transmits power supply to the rotor windings. Power supply to the rotor windings and operation of the alternator depends on correct brushes. In the case of brushes, it is important that they have sufficient length, that the springs push them with a certain force, and that they slide easily in their holders.\r\n\r\nAfter removing the brush holder from the alternator, a visual inspection of the condition is performed. The brushes should be of equal length, the correct shape, and the holder should be undamaged and clean.\r\n\r\nBad brushes can damage the slip rings. Short brushes make weak contact with the sliding rings because the springs cannot press them with the necessary force. There is a high voltage drop and a weaker power supply to the rotor windings. The length of the brush is measured with a vernier caliper. The brush is correct as long as its length is 5 mm above the upper edge of the brush holder. If the brush is damaged or worn, they are replaced in pairs according to the specification for that alternator.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&#8221;12702&#8243; img_size=&#8221;246&#215;209&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; tdc_css=&#8221;eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6IjAiLCJtYXJnaW4tYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctdG9wIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsImRpc3BsYXkiOiIifX0=&#8221; media_size_image_height=&#8221;200&#8243; media_size_image_width=&#8221;300&#8243; size=&#8221;contain&#8221; height=&#8221;40%&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663315799021{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Measuring brush length<\/p>\r\nThere are various types of spring brushes. They can be in the form of a spiral or push rod. Some are part of the holder, separate or delivered together with the brushes. Their condition and thrust are checked. Defective springs are replaced because they do not perform their function of pushing the brushes.\r\n\r\nIf the brush head, check the condition of the holder, that is, the guide. If necessary, the holder is cleaned or replaced. If the brush after replacing the head, it is necessary to check the diameter of the brush body and possible sanding of the sides. The brush holders must be well insulated from the ground and have a good electrical connection with the brushes. Their electrical condition is checked with a multimeter.[\/vc_column_text]\n <!-- A generated by theme --> \n\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><div class=\"td-g-rec td-g-rec-id-custom_ad_5 vc_custom_1548147636293 tdi_5 td_block_template_1 \">\n\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_5.td-a-rec{\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_5.td-a-rec:not(.td-a-rec-no-translate){\r\n\t\t\t\t    transform: translateZ(0);\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_5 .td-element-style{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tz-index: -1;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_5.td-a-rec-img{\r\n\t\t\t\t    text-align: left;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_5.td-a-rec-img img{\r\n                    margin: 0 auto 0 0;\r\n                }.tdi_5 .td_spot_img_all img,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_5 .td_spot_img_tl img,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_5 .td_spot_img_tp img,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_5 .td_spot_img_mob img{\r\n\t\t\t\t    border-style: none;\r\n\t\t\t\t}@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n\t\t\t\t    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= document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width >= 768  && td_screen_width < 1019 ) {\r\n\t\t\t    \r\n\t\t\t        \/* portrait tablets *\/\r\n\t\t\t        var adEl = document.createElement(\"ins\");\r\n\t\t            placeAdEl.replaceWith(adEl);\t\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"class\", \"adsbygoogle\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"style\", \"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\");\t            \t\t                \r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-client\", \"ca-pub-8428072374152349\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-slot\", \"9005325462\");\t            \r\n\t\t\t        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t    }\r\n\t\t\t});window.addEventListener(\"load\", function(){            \r\n\t            var placeAdEl = document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width < 768 ) {\r\n\t\t\t    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tdi_7  td_separator_solid td_separator_center\"><span style=\"border-color:orange;border-width:1px;width:100%;\"><\/span>\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547273226249{margin-top: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 10px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.td_block_separator{\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                  align-items: center;\r\n                  margin-bottom: 38px;\r\n                  padding-bottom: 10px;\r\n                }.td_block_separator span{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                  display: block;\r\n                  margin: 0 auto;\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                  height: 1px;\r\n                  border-top: 1px solid #EBEBEB;\r\n                }.td_separator_align_left span{\r\n                  margin-left: 0;\r\n                }.td_separator_align_right span{\r\n                  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border-style: none;\r\n                }\n<\/style><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner vc_custom_1547186073072 tdi_9  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547186073072{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_9{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_9,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_9 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_9 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner vc_custom_1546699675319 tdi_11  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated 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tdc_css=&#8221;eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6IjAiLCJtYXJnaW4tYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctdG9wIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsImRpc3BsYXkiOiIifX0=&#8221; height=&#8221;100%&#8221; el_id=&#8221;koraci&#8221;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_inner vc_custom_1547277311732 tdi_13  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span8\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547277311732{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_13{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_13 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_13 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_13 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663315849175{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<strong><u><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-904\" src=\"https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-1-480-300x300.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 40px) 100vw, 40px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-1-480-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-1-480-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-1-480-356x364.png 356w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-1-480.png 480w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-1-480-420x420.png 420w\" alt=\"\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>Checking and replacing brushes\r\n<\/u><\/strong>\r\n\r\nPerform a visual inspection of the condition of the brushes. Replace damaged or too short brushes with new ones. Measure the length of the brush with a vernier caliper. If the brush is below the required minimum length, replace both with new ones.[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_separator td_block_wrap vc_separator vc_custom_1547273226249 tdi_15  td_separator_solid td_separator_center\"><span style=\"border-color:orange;border-width:1px;width:100%;\"><\/span>\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547273226249{margin-top: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 10px !important;}\n<\/style><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner vc_custom_1547186073072 tdi_17  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547186073072{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_17{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_17,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_17 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_17 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner vc_custom_1546699675319 tdi_19  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1546699675319{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_19{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_19 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_19 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_19 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_single_image image=&#8221;1760&#8243; img_size=&#8221;&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; onclick=&#8221;img_link_large&#8221; media_size_image_height=&#8221;169&#8243; media_size_image_width=&#8221;300&#8243; size=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; tdc_css=&#8221;eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6IjAiLCJtYXJnaW4tYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctdG9wIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsImRpc3BsYXkiOiIifX0=&#8221; height=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_inner vc_custom_1547277311732 tdi_21  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span8\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547277311732{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_21{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_21 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_21 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_21 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663315877664{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<strong><u><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-905\" src=\"https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-2-480-300x300.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 40px) 100vw, 40px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-2-480-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-2-480-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-2-480-356x364.png 356w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-2-480.png 480w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-2-480-420x420.png 420w\" alt=\"\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>Removing the drive belt\r\n<\/u><\/strong>\r\n\r\nCheck the condition of the brush spring (length, color&#8230;). Check the spring pressure. Replace defective springs with new ones.[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_separator td_block_wrap vc_separator vc_custom_1547273226249 tdi_23  td_separator_solid td_separator_center\"><span style=\"border-color:orange;border-width:1px;width:100%;\"><\/span>\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547273226249{margin-top: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 10px !important;}\n<\/style><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner vc_custom_1547186073072 tdi_25  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547186073072{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_25{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_25,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_25 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_25 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner vc_custom_1546699675319 tdi_27  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1546699675319{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_27{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_27 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_27 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_27 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_single_image image=&#8221;1760&#8243; img_size=&#8221;&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; onclick=&#8221;img_link_large&#8221; media_size_image_height=&#8221;169&#8243; media_size_image_width=&#8221;300&#8243; size=&#8221;&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; tdc_css=&#8221;eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6IjAiLCJtYXJnaW4tYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctdG9wIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsImRpc3BsYXkiOiIifX0=&#8221; height=&#8221;100%&#8221;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_inner vc_custom_1547277311732 tdi_29  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span8\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547277311732{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_29{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_29 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_29 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_29 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663315907392{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<strong><u><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-906\" src=\"https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-3-480-300x300.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 40px) 100vw, 40px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-3-480-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-3-480-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-3-480-356x364.png 356w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-3-480.png 480w, https:\/\/autoedu.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/icons8-3-480-420x420.png 420w\" alt=\"\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>Brush holder control\r\n<\/u><\/strong>\r\n\r\nInspect the holder for cracks, damage, and dirt. Replace damaged supports with new ones. Clean the carrier. Use an ohmmeter to check the electrical connection between the power supply on the holder and the brush. If transient resistance is observed, locate the bad connection and eliminate the malfunction.[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_separator td_block_wrap vc_separator vc_custom_1547273226249 tdi_31  td_separator_solid td_separator_center\"><span style=\"border-color:orange;border-width:1px;width:100%;\"><\/span>\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1547273226249{margin-top: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 10px !important;}\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column tdi_33  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_33{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_33 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_33 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_33 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_33 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_33 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663316120906{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221;]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">See also<\/span><\/p>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&#8221;13604&#8243; img_size=&#8221;&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; onclick=&#8221;custom_link&#8221; tdc_css=&#8221;eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6IjAiLCJtYXJnaW4tYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctdG9wIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsImRpc3BsYXkiOiIifX0=&#8221; media_size_image_height=&#8221;200&#8243; media_size_image_width=&#8221;300&#8243; image_url=&#8221;https:\/\/autoedu.info\/&#8221; size=&#8221;contain&#8221; height=&#8221;40%&#8221; link=&#8221;https:\/\/autoedu.info\/en\/auto-mechanic\/engine\/cylinder-head-repair\/valves-and-valve-seats-inspection\/&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;13565&#8243; img_size=&#8221;&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; onclick=&#8221;custom_link&#8221; tdc_css=&#8221;eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6IjAiLCJtYXJnaW4tYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctdG9wIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsImRpc3BsYXkiOiIifX0=&#8221; media_size_image_height=&#8221;200&#8243; media_size_image_width=&#8221;300&#8243; image_url=&#8221;https:\/\/autoedu.info\/&#8221; size=&#8221;contain&#8221; height=&#8221;40%&#8221; link=&#8221;https:\/\/autoedu.info\/en\/auto-mechanic\/brakes\/hydraulic-braking-system\/vacuum-bleeding\/&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;13472&#8243; img_size=&#8221;&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; onclick=&#8221;custom_link&#8221; tdc_css=&#8221;eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6IjAiLCJtYXJnaW4tYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctdG9wIjoiMCIsInBhZGRpbmctYm90dG9tIjoiMCIsImRpc3BsYXkiOiIifX0=&#8221; media_size_image_height=&#8221;200&#8243; media_size_image_width=&#8221;300&#8243; image_url=&#8221;https:\/\/autoedu.info\/&#8221; size=&#8221;contain&#8221; height=&#8221;40%&#8221; link=&#8221;https:\/\/autoedu.info\/en\/autoelectronic\/gasoline-injection-systems\/air-intake\/throttle-valve-sensor-test\/&#8221;]\n <!-- A generated by theme --> \n\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><div class=\"td-g-rec td-g-rec-id-sidebar tdi_34 td_block_template_1 \">\n\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_34.td-a-rec{\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_34.td-a-rec:not(.td-a-rec-no-translate){\r\n\t\t\t\t    transform: translateZ(0);\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_34 .td-element-style{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tz-index: -1;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_34.td-a-rec-img{\r\n\t\t\t\t    text-align: left;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_34.td-a-rec-img img{\r\n                    margin: 0 auto 0 0;\r\n                }.tdi_34 .td_spot_img_all img,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_34 .td_spot_img_tl img,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_34 .td_spot_img_tp img,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_34 .td_spot_img_mob img{\r\n\t\t\t\t    border-style: none;\r\n\t\t\t\t}@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n\t\t\t\t    .tdi_34.td-a-rec-img {\r\n\t\t\t\t        text-align: center;\r\n\t\t\t\t    }\r\n                }\n<\/style><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\nvar td_screen_width = window.innerWidth;\nwindow.addEventListener(\"load\", function(){            \r\n\t            var placeAdEl = document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width >= 1140 ) {\r\n\t\t\t        \r\n\t\t\t        \/* large monitors *\/\r\n\t\t\t        var adEl = document.createElement(\"ins\");\r\n\t\t            placeAdEl.replaceWith(adEl);\t\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"class\", \"adsbygoogle\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"style\", \"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\");\t            \t\t                \r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-client\", \"ca-pub-8428072374152349\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-slot\", \"9005325462\");\t            \r\n\t\t\t        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t    }\r\n\t\t\t});window.addEventListener(\"load\", function(){            \r\n\t            var placeAdEl = document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width >= 1019  && td_screen_width < 1140 ) {\r\n\t\t\t    \r\n\t\t\t        \/* landscape tablets *\/\r\n\t\t\t        var adEl = document.createElement(\"ins\");\r\n\t\t            placeAdEl.replaceWith(adEl);\t\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"class\", \"adsbygoogle\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"style\", \"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\");\t            \t\t                \r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-client\", \"ca-pub-8428072374152349\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-slot\", \"9005325462\");\t            \r\n\t\t\t        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t    }\r\n\t\t\t});window.addEventListener(\"load\", function(){            \r\n\t            var placeAdEl = document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width >= 768  && td_screen_width < 1019 ) {\r\n\t\t\t    \r\n\t\t\t        \/* portrait tablets *\/\r\n\t\t\t        var adEl = document.createElement(\"ins\");\r\n\t\t            placeAdEl.replaceWith(adEl);\t\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"class\", \"adsbygoogle\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"style\", \"display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px\");\t            \t\t                \r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-client\", \"ca-pub-8428072374152349\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-slot\", \"9005325462\");\t            \r\n\t\t\t        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t    }\r\n\t\t\t});window.addEventListener(\"load\", function(){            \r\n\t            var placeAdEl = document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width < 768 ) {\r\n\t\t\t    \r\n\t\t\t        \/* Phones *\/\r\n\t\t\t        var adEl = document.createElement(\"ins\");\r\n\t\t            placeAdEl.replaceWith(adEl);\t\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"class\", \"adsbygoogle\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"style\", \"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\");\t            \t\t                \r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-client\", \"ca-pub-8428072374152349\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-slot\", \"9005325462\");\t            \r\n\t\t\t        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t    }\r\n\t\t\t});<\/script>\n<noscript id=\"td-ad-placeholder\"><\/noscript><\/div>\n\n <!-- end A --> \n\n[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1663316134800{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;background-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221;]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Video recommendation<\/span><\/p>\r\n[\/vc_column_text]\n <!-- A generated by theme --> \n\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><div class=\"td-g-rec td-g-rec-id-custom_ad_4 tdi_35 td_block_template_1 \">\n\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_35.td-a-rec{\r\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_35.td-a-rec:not(.td-a-rec-no-translate){\r\n\t\t\t\t    transform: translateZ(0);\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_35 .td-element-style{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tz-index: -1;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_35.td-a-rec-img{\r\n\t\t\t\t    text-align: left;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_35.td-a-rec-img img{\r\n                    margin: 0 auto 0 0;\r\n                }.tdi_35 .td_spot_img_all img,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_35 .td_spot_img_tl img,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_35 .td_spot_img_tp img,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_35 .td_spot_img_mob img{\r\n\t\t\t\t    border-style: none;\r\n\t\t\t\t}@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n\t\t\t\t    .tdi_35.td-a-rec-img {\r\n\t\t\t\t        text-align: center;\r\n\t\t\t\t    }\r\n                }\n<\/style><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\nvar td_screen_width = window.innerWidth;\nwindow.addEventListener(\"load\", function(){            \r\n\t            var placeAdEl = document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width >= 1140 ) {\r\n\t\t\t        \r\n\t\t\t        \/* large monitors *\/\r\n\t\t\t        var adEl = document.createElement(\"ins\");\r\n\t\t            placeAdEl.replaceWith(adEl);\t\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"class\", \"adsbygoogle\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"style\", \"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\");\t            \t\t                \r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-client\", \"ca-pub-8428072374152349\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-slot\", \"9005325462\");\t            \r\n\t\t\t        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t    }\r\n\t\t\t});window.addEventListener(\"load\", function(){            \r\n\t            var placeAdEl = document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width >= 1019  && td_screen_width < 1140 ) {\r\n\t\t\t    \r\n\t\t\t        \/* landscape tablets *\/\r\n\t\t\t        var adEl = document.createElement(\"ins\");\r\n\t\t            placeAdEl.replaceWith(adEl);\t\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"class\", \"adsbygoogle\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"style\", \"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\");\t            \t\t                \r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-client\", \"ca-pub-8428072374152349\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-slot\", \"9005325462\");\t            \r\n\t\t\t        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t    }\r\n\t\t\t});window.addEventListener(\"load\", function(){            \r\n\t            var placeAdEl = document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width >= 768  && td_screen_width < 1019 ) {\r\n\t\t\t    \r\n\t\t\t        \/* portrait tablets *\/\r\n\t\t\t        var adEl = document.createElement(\"ins\");\r\n\t\t            placeAdEl.replaceWith(adEl);\t\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"class\", \"adsbygoogle\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"style\", \"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\");\t            \t\t                \r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-client\", \"ca-pub-8428072374152349\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-slot\", \"9005325462\");\t            \r\n\t\t\t        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t    }\r\n\t\t\t});window.addEventListener(\"load\", function(){            \r\n\t            var placeAdEl = document.getElementById(\"td-ad-placeholder\");\r\n\t\t\t    if ( null !== placeAdEl && td_screen_width < 768 ) {\r\n\t\t\t    \r\n\t\t\t        \/* Phones *\/\r\n\t\t\t        var adEl = document.createElement(\"ins\");\r\n\t\t            placeAdEl.replaceWith(adEl);\t\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"class\", \"adsbygoogle\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"style\", \"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px\");\t            \t\t                \r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-client\", \"ca-pub-8428072374152349\");\r\n\t\t            adEl.setAttribute(\"data-ad-slot\", \"9005325462\");\t            \r\n\t\t\t        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\t\t\t    }\r\n\t\t\t});<\/script>\n<noscript id=\"td-ad-placeholder\"><\/noscript><\/div>\n\n <!-- end A --> \n\n\n <!-- A generated by theme --> \n\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><div class=\"td-g-rec td-g-rec-id-custom_ad_5 vc_custom_1548147636293 tdi_36 td_block_template_1 \">\n\n<style>\n\/* custom css - 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Brushes through the sliding rings and transmits power supply to the rotor windings. 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